By Carter B. Horsley

One of the most influential post-war buildings in New York City, Manhattan House marked the beginning of the age of "white-brick monstrosities" in the eyes of some observers and the first big splash of International Style modernity in the city to others.

The mammoth development, which occupies the full block between Third and Second Avenues and 65th and 66th Streets, actually is clad in a light gray-brick, but niceties aside it presented a "clean," "neat," almost Spartan appearance in distinct contrast to the historical styles of earlier periods and the Art Deco stylizations of the 1920s and 1930s.

Designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill and Mayers & Whittlesley, it was built in 1950 and was, according to Robert A. M. Stern, Thomas Mellins and David Fishman in their superb book, "New York 1960 Architecture and Urbanism Between The Second World War And The Bicentennial" (The Monacelli Press, 1995), "the most literal manisfestation in New York of Le Corbusier's postwar conception of vertical living, which the master himself was not to realize until 1952 in his Unité d'Habitation at Marseilles."

"Together with elegantly thin window frames of white-painted metal and carefully detailed balconies," the authors continued, "the glazed brick rendered Manhattan House a genteel manifesto for architecture's brave new world, a reassuring statement that Modernist minimalism had more than cost benefits. In addition, the slab offered a distinct contrast with its mundane surroundings - the still-functioning Third Avenue El and its immediate neighbors, mostly old- and new-law tenements. To protect the building's flanks, New York Life [Insurance Company, the developer] acquired the row of tenements on the north side of Sixty-sixth Street, renovated their interiors and painted the facades a tasteful dark gray trimmed in white. The principal innovations of Manhattan House were the bold scale resulting from its single-slab configuration; the departure from traditional urban space making in the refusal to hold the street front except at the base; and the blurring of distinctions between exterior and interior space, as well as front and back yards, by the use of large amounts of glazing at the lobby level. In discussing this last point, the editors of Architectural Record, presumably quoting form a New York Life press release, said that 'the entire development carries out on a large scale, in a big city, an indoor-outdoor synthesis hitherto found mostly in modern country homes.'"

The insurance company also protected its investment and views by erecting a low-rise commercial structure that included the Beekman movie theater at 1254 Second Avenue across from Manhattan House that was closed in the early years of this millennium.

The insurance company originally had acquired not only the block on which Manhattan House is sited, but also the block just to the south for which it planned a large parking garage topped by a public park. Three hundred of the garage's 1,400 parking spaces were to be reserved for the residents of Manhattan House. The plans for this block, however, would be shelved.

Gordon Bunshaft, the principal architect with Skidmore, Owings & Merrill for the project, took an apartment for himself at Manhattan House and at one time Grace Kelly, the actress, also rented an apartment.

The building, which has a roof deck, has five projecting bays, each with two balconies and its entrances are along a curved driveway on 66th Street, which was widened on this block because of the project. There are several entrances along the driveway, which is lushly landscaped and the lobbies have floor-to-ceiling windows that permit views from the driveway through to the development's large gardens on the south side, that are walled from 65th Street. A one-story commercial base along Third Avenue originally housed a large Longchamps restaurant that had its own outdoor terrace facing the gardens.

Manhattan House is a 19-story building with 581 apartments, many with balconies and some with fireplaces.

In 2005, New York Life Insurance Company sold the property to Manchester Real Estate, of which N. Richard Kalikow and Jeremiah W. O'Connor Jr., were principals, for about $625 million.

Plans to convert the building to a residential condominium ran into difficulties, however, when the partners got involved in litigation and a tenants' group filed suit to block the conversion.

According to the second amendment to the condominium offering plan for Manhattan House, the famous apartment complex on the full block bounded by Third and Second Avenues and 65th and 66th Streets, which was dated October 11, 2007, N. Richard Kalikow was longer a principal of the plan's sponsor and Jeremiah W. O'Connor Jr. is the sole principal.

The amendment said that the sponsor has entered into mortgage loans with HSH Nordbank AG, New York Branch and that the sponsor must declare the plan effective no later than June 1, 2008. The amendment also said that bona fide tenants in occupancy have the exclusive right for 30 days from the filing of the amendment to purchase their units at a 15 percent discount from non-tenant purchase prices.

The amendment indicated that the current total purchase price for tenants for about $958 million.

A vacant three-bedroom apartment with three baths and a total of 1,675 square feet on the 20th floor in the E wing has a tenant price of $2,720,000 and a non-tenant price of $3,100,000. A vacant one-bedroom apartment with one bath and 953 square feet on the 15th floor in the same wing has a tenant price of $1,077,987 and a non-tenant price of $1,268,220. A vacant studio apartment with one bath and 586 square feet in the same wing has a tenant price of $604,928 and a non-tenant price of $711,780.

Air-conditioning was not included when it was completed, although the building subsequently allowed protruding air-conditioners and the condo conversion plan included an upgrading of the building that including central air-conditioning.

Although scores of apartment houses on the Upper East Side would try to mimic the success of Manhattan House with light-colored brick facades and balconies, there were not too many full-block opportunities.

One that is somewhat similar, however, is Imperial House, which was designed by Emery Roth & Sons in 1960 and is nearby at 69th Street and Third Avenue and also features extensive gardens and a very large, windowed lobby but has a center tower.

In their excellent book, "The A.I.A. Guide to New York City, Third Edition" (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1988), Norval White and Elliot Willensky remarked that the building's "balconies become the principal ornament, but unfortunately they are small and precarious for those with any trace of vertigo." "(Sometime in the 1980s the original windows were replaced - with regrettable aesthetic results.) The block was occupied from 1896 to 1949 by the Third Avenue Railway System car barns where horsecars and then electric streetcars were housed. It was an elaborate French Second Empire mansarded 'palace.'"

This section of Third Avenue has been subsequently developed with many luxury apartment towers and there is convenient local shopping and good public transportation.